A new study from the University of Cambridge suggests that aspirin, a common over-the-counter pain reliever, could help prevent the spread of certain cancers by boosting the body’s immune response, FOX News reports.
The research, published in the journal Nature on March 5, found that aspirin may target metastasized cancer cells by inhibiting a specific protein that suppresses the immune system’s ability to attack these cells.
In laboratory studies using mouse models, scientists discovered that a protein called ARHGEF1 weakens T-cells, which are immune cells responsible for identifying and eliminating cancerous cells. This suppression occurs when T-cells are exposed to thromboxane A2 (TXA2), a chemical produced by platelets that aids in blood clotting.
Since aspirin is already known to block TXA2 production, researchers found that it could potentially prevent metastasis by restoring T-cell activity. In the study, mice with melanoma that were given aspirin had fewer metastases compared to those that did not receive the drug.
Dr. Rahul Roychoudhuri, a senior researcher and professor of cancer immunology at Cambridge, noted that previous studies have linked daily aspirin use to lower cancer mortality rates. A separate randomized clinical trial found that taking 600 mg of aspirin daily for over two years significantly reduced cancer incidence in individuals at high genetic risk for colorectal cancer.
However, medical experts caution against taking aspirin without consulting a doctor. Long-term use can lead to serious side effects, including stomach bleeding and hemorrhagic strokes.
“The risk-benefit calculation varies for each person, depending on age, existing health conditions, and medications,” Roychoudhuri said.
The findings from this study are being further explored in the Add-Aspirin clinical trial, which will involve over 10,000 patients in the UK and India. The trial will assess whether aspirin can delay or prevent cancer recurrence in individuals with early-stage breast, colorectal, gastroesophageal, and prostate cancers.
