For centuries, people have recognized the dangers of excessive alcohol consumption, from short-term impairment to long-term health risks like liver disease and cancer, Vox reports.
However, for decades, a common belief persisted that moderate drinking—especially red wine—might actually be beneficial, particularly for heart health.
This idea was largely influenced by the “French paradox,” a theory suggesting that despite a diet high in fatty foods, the French had low rates of cardiovascular disease due to their consumption of red wine. However, in recent years, new studies have challenged this notion, with public health experts now warning that no level of alcohol consumption is completely risk-free.
One of the biggest challenges in discussing alcohol’s effects on health is defining what “moderate drinking” actually means. Medical guidelines define a standard drink as:
- 12 ounces of beer (5% alcohol)
- 5 ounces of wine (12% alcohol)
- 1.5 ounces of liquor (80 proof)
According to health experts, drinking more than 15 drinks per week for men or 8 drinks per week for women is considered heavy drinking. Yet, many people unknowingly exceed “moderate” levels, especially when pouring larger servings at home.
The growing body of research suggests that even small amounts of alcohol carry health risks. A 2017 report from the American Society of Clinical Oncology highlighted the link between alcohol consumption and cancer. The World Health Organization (WHO) later reinforced this, stating in 2022 that “no level of alcohol consumption is safe for our health.”
However, some studies still suggest that moderate drinking—particularly in social settings and with meals—may have certain benefits, such as potential cardiovascular advantages. These findings, though, are debated, with many researchers pointing out that lifestyle factors (such as diet and exercise) may play a greater role than alcohol itself.
Beyond its health effects, alcohol is deeply embedded in social culture. Happy hours, celebrations, and gatherings often involve drinking, making it difficult for individuals to cut back or quit entirely. At the same time, younger generations are drinking less, and the market for non-alcoholic beverages is expanding, providing more options for those who want to reduce their intake.
